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worm charming
Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms from the ground. The activity is usually performed to collect bait for fishing but can also take the form of a competitive sport. As a skill and profession worm charming is now very rare, with the art being passed through generations to ensure that it survives.〔Sutton, Keith. ESPN. 20 March 2007. "(Fiddling For Worms )". Accessed 7 June 2007.〕〔Phillips, John E. MotherEarthNews.com. 1 May 1980. "(Fiddling for fish bait )". Accessed 7 June 2007.〕
==Methods==
Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface. In 2008 researchers from Vanderbilt University claimed that the worms surface because the vibrations are similar to those produced by digging moles, which prey on earthworms.〔Catania KC (2008) ("Worm Grunting, Fiddling, and Charming—Humans Unknowingly Mimic a Predator to Harvest Bait." ) PLoS ONE 3(10): e3472. 〕〔Fountain, Henry. ''The New York Times.'' 17 October 2008. ("Worm Grunting: A Mystery Solved" )〕 The same technique is used by many species of bird, which devour the worms as they appear above ground.〔
The activity is known by several different names and the apparatus and techniques vary significantly.〔〔 "Worm grunting" generally refers to the use of a "stob", a wooden stake that is driven into the ground, and a "rooping iron" which is used to rub the stob.〔Tobin, Thomas C. ''St. Petersburg Times''. 14 April 2002. "(Gruntin' and gathering )". Accessed 7 June 2007.〕 "Worm fiddling" also uses a wooden stake but utilises a dulled saw which is dragged along its top.〔
Techniques vary from sprinkling the turf with water, tea and beer to acupuncture, music or just "twanging" with a garden fork.〔(''Sunday Mirror'', "The war of the worms" article by Lucy Berrington, April 28, 1996 )〕 In some organized competitions, detergents and mechanical diggers have been banned.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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